Journey into the forbidden kingdom of Upper Mustang, discover the ancient walled city of Lo Manthang, and explore the mystical Chhoser Caves in one of Nepal's most remote and culturally preserved regions.
Trek into a remote, restricted, and culturally preserved Trans-Himalayan desert kingdom that was closed to the outside world for centuries.
Discover the mysteries of the ancient capital, Lo Manthang, with its royal palace, centuries-old monasteries, and incredible, preserved Tibetan art.
Visit the incredible, multi-storied Chhoser Sky Caves and other ancient cave dwellings carved deep into the colorful canyon walls, reflecting the valley's rich history.
Experience one of the last remaining pure Tibetan cultures in the world, meeting the Lhopa people and learning about their unique traditions and way of life.
Journey through the dramatic and windswept Kali Gandaki Valley, recognized as the deepest gorge on the planet.
Make a pilgrimage to the holy Muktinath Temple, a site of immense spiritual significance for both Hindus and Buddhists, nestled at the base of the Himalayas.
Witness breathtaking views of the colossal Annapurna and Dhaulagiri mountain ranges, set against a surreal and colorful high-altitude desert landscape.
Upon your arrival, you will be met and transferred to your hotel to rest and prepare for your adventure into the Forbidden Kingdom of Lo.
Enjoy an optional sightseeing tour of Kathmandu's UNESCO World Heritage Sites while your guide finalizes all necessary restricted area trekking permits.
Embark on a scenic 7-8 hour drive from the capital city of Kathmandu to the beautiful and serene lakeside city of Pokhara.
A spectacular morning flight takes you to the windy town of Jomsom, followed by a pleasant introductory trek up the Kali Gandaki valley to the ancient village of Kagbeni.
Enter the restricted area of Upper Mustang, trekking through a stunning canyon landscape along the Kali Gandaki river to the village of Chhusang.
A challenging day of trekking as you climb out of the river valley and over several high passes to reach the beautiful village of Samar.
Continue your journey through a high-altitude desert landscape, crossing more scenic passes on your way to the village of Ghiling.
Trek through one of the most beautiful sections of the trail, enjoying incredible views as you make your way to the large village of Ghami.
A spectacular day of trekking past the longest Mani wall in Mustang and making a sacred side trip to the ancient Ghar Gompa before arriving in Tsarang.
A shorter day of trekking across the "Plain of Aspiration," with the ancient, walled capital city of Lo Manthang appearing before you.
A full day to immerse yourself in the ancient culture of Lo Manthang, exploring its incredible monasteries, the royal palace, and the narrow city streets.
Embark on a memorable horse ride or jeep excursion to the incredible, multi-storied Chhoser Sky Caves, a true archaeological wonder.
Begin your return journey on a different, less-traveled route, trekking to the beautiful and remote village of Yara.
A spectacular day hike to the sacred Luri Gompa, a unique cave monastery famous for its ancient and intricate Buddhist murals.
Continue your trek on the remote eastern side of the valley, enjoying stunning and wild landscapes on your way to the small village of Tangbe.
A challenging day of trekking as you cross a high pass, descending back towards the main Kali Gandaki valley to the village of Tetang.
A final, strenuous day of ascent as you climb up to the holy pilgrimage site of Muktinath, a place of immense spiritual significance.
A pleasant and mostly downhill final day of trekking, rejoining the main Annapurna trail and descending back to the administrative town of Jomsom.
Take a spectacular early morning flight through the world's deepest gorge from Jomsom back to Pokhara, with the afternoon free for sightseeing.
A scenic tourist bus journey from the beautiful city of Pokhara back to the vibrant capital of Kathmandu for a final celebratory dinner.
Transfer to the airport for your final departure, taking with you the incredible memories of your journey to the Forbidden Kingdom of Mustang.
Have you ever dreamed of stepping into a land seemingly untouched by time, a hidden Himalayan kingdom where ancient culture and surreal landscapes merge into an unforgettable adventure? The Upper Mustang Trek is your journey into this mystical realm. Often called the "Last Forbidden Kingdom of Lo," this trek is a profound exploration into a remote, high-altitude desert painted in surreal shades of ochre, red, and grey, all set against the stunning backdrop of the snow-white giants of the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri Himalayas. This is more than a trek; it's an expedition into the heart of one of the world's most preserved Tibetan cultures.
Your grand adventure begins in the vibrant capital of Kathmandu, where you will have a day to explore its ancient UNESCO World Heritage Sites while your special restricted area permits are finalized. A scenic drive then takes you to the beautiful lakeside city of Pokhara, the serene gateway to the Annapurnas. The true thrill begins with a spectacular mountain flight to Jomsom, a windy town that serves as the starting point of your trek. This flight takes you through the Kali Gandaki gorge, the deepest in the world, offering incredible aerial views.
Your journey on foot begins at the ancient village of Kagbeni, where you will officially enter the restricted territory of Upper Mustang. From this point on, you are in a different world. The trail leads you through a landscape of wind-eroded canyons, past traditional villages like Chhusang and Geling, and by ancient monasteries that seem to grow organically from the barren hills. You will pass by the longest Mani wall in Nepal in the village of Ghami and make a sacred side trip to the historic Ghar Gompa, one of the oldest monasteries in the region.
The ultimate destination and heart of this journey is the ancient, walled capital city of Lo Manthang. Stepping through its gates is like entering a living museum. You will have ample time to lose yourself in its narrow, whitewashed alleyways, explore the incredible Thubchen and Jampa Monasteries with their priceless, centuries-old murals, and witness a way of life that has remained unchanged for centuries. A highlight is the excursion to the mysterious Chhoser Caves, a multi-storied complex of man-made dwellings carved deep into a cliff face, a place that whispers stories of a long-lost civilization.
After immersing yourself in the wonders of Lo, your return journey begins, taking a detour to visit the sacred Luri Gompa before rejoining the main trail that leads you to the holy pilgrimage site of Muktinath Temple. After relishing the unique spiritual energy of this place, you will trek back to Jomsom. From there, a flight to Pokhara and a final drive to Kathmandu bring your incredible adventure to a close.
This is a challenging adventure that requires a good level of physical fitness. However, because Upper Mustang lies in the rain shadow of the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri massifs, it receives very little rainfall, making it a rare and excellent trekking option even during the monsoon season. This is your chance to discover the last vestiges of a truly forbidden kingdom.
Here is a user-friendly and highly detailed day-by-day itinerary for your incredible 21-day Upper Mustang Trek, formatted to be informative, engaging, and easy to follow.
Your journey begins with your arrival at Tribhuvan International Airport (TIA) in Kathmandu. A representative from our team will warmly welcome you and escort you to your hotel in a private vehicle. After checking in, you will have free time to relax. In the evening, your guide will provide a briefing about the trek, itinerary, and necessary preparations. If time permits, you can explore the lively tourist hub of Thamel.
After breakfast, we embark on a full-day guided city tour of Kathmandu, covering four iconic UNESCO World Heritage Sites. We will visit the sacred Pashupatinath Temple, the magnificent Boudhanath Stupa, the historic Kathmandu Durbar Square, and the iconic Swayambhunath (Monkey Temple). This day is also crucial for finalizing any last-minute gear and permit preparations for your remote journey into Mustang.
An early morning departure takes you on a scenic drive to Pokhara, Nepal's adventure capital. The journey follows the Prithvi Highway, offering breathtaking views of rivers, lush green hills, and terraced fields. Upon arrival in Pokhara, you will check into your hotel. In the evening, you can take a leisurely walk around Phewa Lake and enjoy the tranquil ambiance of the lakeside area.
After an early breakfast, we board a scenic 30-minute flight from Pokhara to Jomsom. The flight offers breathtaking aerial views of massive Himalayan peaks. Leaving Jomsom, we head towards Ekle Bhatti, following the left trail along the Kali Gandaki River. After a 3-hour trek, we reach Kagbeni, a picturesque village that serves as the gateway to Upper Mustang, known for its medieval fortress-like houses and ancient monasteries.
After breakfast in Kagbeni, we begin our trek towards Chhuksang, following the right bank of the Kali Gandaki River. The trail passes through a stunning desert-like landscape, with views of eroded cliffs and red rock formations. After approximately 3.5 hours of walking, we reach Chhuksang village, where we will take a lunch break. The village features traditional whitewashed mud-brick houses built to withstand the harsh mountain winds.
Leaving Chhuksang, the trail crosses the Kali Gandaki River and enters a fascinating landscape of red cliffs. After about 45 minutes of ascent, we arrive at Tsele village. The trail continues to climb, passing through narrow cliffs and rugged terrain before reaching Samar Pass. As we approach Samar village, we begin to see colorful Himalayan plants. We will reach Samar around lunchtime, enjoying the greenery and breathtaking views.
Beyond Samar village, the trail splits into two routes. We will take the right trail to visit the Chhunsi Kangchung Cave Monastery, a sacred site where Guru Rinpoche is believed to have meditated. The climb takes approximately one hour to Samar Hill Pass, followed by a steep descent. After visiting the monastery, the trail climbs again through a narrow valley to Syangmochen village, where we will take a lunch break before continuing to Ghiling.
After leaving Syangmochen, the trail gradually ascends towards the Nyi La Pass, one of the highest points of the trek. The climb is steep but offers stunning panoramic views of the Mustang region. Descending from the pass, we will witness a beautiful green valley in the distance—Ghami village, our destination for the night. Ghami is a tranquil village surrounded by red cliffs and traditional whitewashed houses.
After breakfast, we begin our journey towards Dhakmar, a village known for its vivid red cliffs. From Dhakmar, the trail ascends towards Mui La Pass, the highest point of today's trek. Descending from the pass, we will arrive at Ghar Gompa, one of the oldest monasteries in Nepal. From Ghar Gompa, the trail follows the Tsarang Khola river to the picturesque village of Tsarang, with its whitewashed houses, large monastery, and the ruins of an ancient fort.
Today's trek takes us to Lo Manthang, the ancient walled city and capital of Upper Mustang. After breakfast, we descend towards the Tsarang River before beginning a steady uphill climb. The trail offers stunning views of the Mustang landscape, with vast barren hills and deep gorges. After approximately 3 to 4 hours of walking, we will reach the gates of Lo Manthang, an ancient city surrounded by a thick mud-brick wall.
Today is a full day to explore Lo Manthang, a city rich in Tibetan Buddhist culture, history, and architecture. You can visit the Chode Gompa, Jampa Lhakhang (God House of Future Buddha), and Thubchen Gompa. You can also see the King's Palace, a four-story structure where the former King of Lo and his family resided. As you explore this enchanting city, you will get a rare glimpse into an ancient Tibetan-influenced way of life that has remained unchanged for centuries.
Today, we embark on an adventurous horse ride to Chhoser, a mystical site known for its incredible ancient cave dwellings. Upon reaching Chhoser, we are greeted by a breathtaking cliffside structure, a man-made multi-story cave system carved into the cliff face centuries ago. The cave consists of 44 rooms interconnected by narrow tunnels and staircases. After exploring this enigmatic cave city, we will ride back to Lo Manthang.
As we bid farewell to Lo Manthang, the trek begins with a short ascent towards a glacial valley, offering a final panoramic view of the reddish-brown fortress-like settlement. After about an hour, the trail gradually descends towards Dhi village. After lunch at Dhi, we will cross a river and follow the left bank of the stream towards Yara. The final stretch involves a steep climb to the top of Yara hills, where a breathtaking sight of natural sand castles awaits.
Today's journey takes us to Luri Gompa, one of the most significant and ancient cave monasteries of Upper Mustang, dating back to the 13th century. This Kagyukpa sect monastery, built into the sandstone cliffs, holds priceless golden-written Lama books and sacred murals. After our spiritual and cultural exploration, we will return to Yara, reflecting on the deep mysticism and religious significance of Mustang's sacred lands.
Early in the morning, we will leave Yara and follow a high, winding path that descends towards the Dhechaeng Khola. After crossing the river, the trail climbs steeply for about one and a half hours to Dhi village. From Dhi, the trail continues along a narrow, dusty path to Tangbe village, a charming settlement known for its labyrinth of narrow alleys, whitewashed houses, and Buddhist chortens, surrounded by orchards of apples and buckwheat fields.
Today's trek is longer and more challenging, so we will start very early with a packed lunch. The path soon leads to the Yak Khola before a steep ascent to the highest point of the trip—a pass at 4,210m. From the top, we can see the majestic Damodar Himal and Saribung Himal. The second half of the trek is a challenging four to five-hour descent on a rough, uneven trail to our final destination for the day: Tetang.
Today's trek is relatively easy as we gradually ascend towards the Gyu La Pass. The trail takes us through Kharkas, where we can spot domestic animals like yaks and goats. Upon reaching the top of the pass, we are greeted by a breathtaking panoramic view of Thorong Peak, Nilgiri, and the Muktinath Valley below. The trail then leads us downward to Muktinath, a significant pilgrimage site for both Hindus and Buddhists.
Today's trek from Muktinath to Jomsom is a scenic and culturally enriching journey, offering spectacular views of the Dhaulagiri and Nilgiri mountain ranges. The trail initially descends towards the Lupra River, leading us into the isolated and historic village of Lupra, one of the few remaining Bon settlements in Nepal. After spending some time in Lupra, we will continue following the Pangda River before rejoining the main Kaligandaki trekking route to Jomsom.
Early in the morning, we will take a scenic 30-minute flight from Jomsom to Pokhara. Upon arrival, we will check into our hotel. In the afternoon, we will explore some of Pokhara's most important cultural and natural attractions, including Bindhyabasini Temple, Seti River Gorge, Devi's Fall, and Gupteshwor Mahadev Cave. In the evening, we will enjoy a relaxing walk around Lakeside and a boat ride on Phewa Lake to visit Tal Barahi Temple.
After an early morning breakfast in Pokhara, we will embark on a scenic 7-8 hour drive back to Kathmandu. Upon reaching Kathmandu, we will check into our hotel. You can spend the evening shopping in Thamel. To celebrate the end of an incredible journey, we will gather for a traditional Nepalese farewell dinner at an authentic Nepali restaurant with a cultural dance performance.
On your final day in Nepal, a representative from our team will escort you to Tribhuvan International Airport approximately 3 hours before your scheduled flight. As you head home, you will have plenty of time to reflect on your unforgettable journey through the Upper Mustang region. We hope to see you again for another amazing adventure in Nepal.
Join us on this epic 21-day journey into the forbidden kingdom of Upper Mustang, discovering the ancient walled city of Lo Manthang and mystical Chhoser Caves. Experience one of Nepal's most remote regions with expert guides and comprehensive support.
Airport Transportation: Upon your arrival at Kathmandu's airport, a dedicated representative will be there to greet you and provide a safe transfer to your hotel to begin your journey. We also provide your transfer back to the airport for your final departure.
First-Aid Kit: Your guide will carry a basic first-aid kit for minor medical issues that may arise. However, we highly recommend that you bring your own personal supply of any specific medications you may need for your own security and comfort.
Trekking Completion Certificate: Upon successfully completing the trek, you will be awarded a certificate to commemorate your remarkable achievement.
Travel and Rescue Insurance: Mandatory comprehensive insurance covering high‑altitude trekking and emergency helicopter evacuation.
Private & Group Discount Pricing
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The Upper Mustang Trek takes you into Nepal's "Last Forbidden Kingdom of Lo," a remote and culturally preserved region. It's a moderate to challenging journey through high-altitude desert terrain, ancient monasteries, and the walled city of Lo Manthang. Having the right gear makes a big difference, especially for the desert environment and dust protection—use this packing guide to prepare confidently.
Please note: There is no need to carry heavy gear such as sleeping bags, down jackets, or trekking poles from home. High-quality to standard-quality equipment can be easily rented or purchased in Kathmandu before your Upper Mustang adventure.
You'll find items from renowned international brands like The North Face, Sherpa Adventure, Marmot, Mountain Hardwear, Black Yak, Karma Gear, as well as trusted local brands such as Goldstar and other locally made products. For Upper Mustang's desert conditions, we recommend high-quality gear suitable for dust protection, sun exposure, and temperatures as low as -10°C.
Rental Cost:
Sleeping Bag & Down Jacket (suitable for -10°C to -15°C): USD 2.0 per piece, per day
Trekking Poles: USD 1.0 per pair, per day
No technical climbing is required, but the desert environment and moderate altitude present unique challenges. Expect a moderate to challenging trek with some strenuous days in the high-altitude desert landscape.
The trek starts at Jomsom (2,710m) and reaches a maximum altitude of 4,210m at the highest pass. Moderate altitude with gradual acclimatization built into the itinerary.
Around 140 km over 21 days. Plan for 5-7 hours most days; 6-8 hours on challenging pass days.
High-altitude desert terrain with dust, wind, intense sun exposure, loose scree, and dramatic temperature variations between day and night.
Basic teahouse accommodation, limited facilities, and adapting to the unique Tibetan culture and restricted area regulations require patience and respect.
With the right approach, this trek is accessible to a wide range of people, from seasoned hikers to determined beginners. Successful trekkers have ranged from teenagers to individuals in their 70s. The key is a willingness to challenge yourself and adequate preparation.
This route balances acclimatization with time to explore Lo Manthang, Chhoser Caves, and ancient monasteries while safely crossing the high-altitude desert. Here's why it works:
Gradual ascent with acclimatization built into the itinerary minimizes AMS risk before reaching the highest points of the trek in Upper Mustang.
Explore the ancient walled city of Lo Manthang, discover the mysterious Chhoser Caves, and visit sacred monasteries in one comprehensive itinerary.
Time in both quiet settlements and cultural hubs to experience authentic Tibetan culture, ancient monasteries, and the preserved way of life in Upper Mustang.
Reasonable daily distances with some challenging pass days. Full day in Lo Manthang for exploration, then time for Chhoser Caves and ancient monasteries.
5-7 hour days for most of the trek. Good fitness and mental preparation make this moderate to challenging itinerary achievable.
Experience Nepal's only high-altitude desert, with year-round accessibility and unique cultural preservation in the "Last Forbidden Kingdom."
Your days on the Upper Mustang trek will follow a rhythm that connects you with the high-altitude desert and ancient Tibetan culture.
You'll wake up early to the sounds of the desert wind or teahouse coming to life. After a hearty breakfast, you'll pack your daypack and set out on the trail, typically walking for 5 to 7 hours each day through the high-altitude desert.
The scenery changes dramatically as you enter Upper Mustang. You'll walk through wind-eroded canyons, red cliffs, and ancient villages. The landscape transforms into a dramatic realm of high-altitude desert, ancient monasteries, and the walled city of Lo Manthang, with unique desert vegetation.
Your trek will be punctuated by a lunch break of about an hour and shorter stops to rest, take photos, and soak in the incredible views.
You'll arrive at your destination for the day in the late afternoon. The evenings are for relaxing, enjoying a delicious dinner at a teahouse, and stargazing in the clear desert sky while experiencing the ancient Tibetan culture of Upper Mustang.
You can expect to stay in a comfortable three-star hotel with double occupancy rooms. Breakfast will be provided.
You'll stay in mountain lodges, commonly known as teahouses. The rooms are basic, typically with two beds, but the hospitality is warm and welcoming.
During the trek, your package will generally include breakfast, lunch, and dinner, which you'll have at the teahouses. The menu offers a variety of options, from traditional Nepali dishes like dal bhat (rice and lentils) to pasta, pizza, and Tibetan bread. The food choices become simpler the higher you go.
Hot showers may not always be available, especially at higher altitudes, and there is usually an extra charge for them. However, boiled drinking water will be accessible.
Connectivity is very limited in Upper Mustang. In larger villages like Jomsom and Lo Manthang, you may find basic WiFi access for a fee. Most of the trek is in remote wilderness with no connectivity. Consider this a digital detox opportunity to fully immerse yourself in the ancient Mustang culture and pristine wilderness.
Electricity is available in the villages, often supplemented by solar power. You can charge your electronic devices, though there is usually a small fee for this service.
Your tour package will typically include all necessary transportation:
As you'll be trekking to elevations up to 4,170 meters with moderate altitude changes, it's important to be aware of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) and proper acclimatization strategies.
The primary symptoms of AMS include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue, and difficulty sleeping. In Upper Mustang's remote wilderness, these symptoms can be more severe due to the extreme altitude and isolation.
If symptoms persist or worsen, immediate descent to a lower altitude is essential. In remote Upper Mustang, this may require helicopter evacuation.
While AMS cannot be 100% prevented, the risk can be significantly reduced by:
Proper preparation is key to a successful and enjoyable Upper Mustang trek.
Since this is a moderate altitude trek reaching up to 4,170m, you need to be in good physical condition. If you lead a sedentary lifestyle, it's recommended to start training at least 3 to 6 months before your trip.
It's beneficial to have a basic understanding of first aid for minor injuries.
Research the weather, terrain, and landscape of the Upper Mustang region to mentally prepare for the challenging journey ahead.
If you have any pre-existing health conditions, consult your doctor before booking the trek.
Comprehensive travel insurance is mandatory for the Upper Mustang trek itinerary. Your policy must cover:
Before booking, carefully read through the entire trip itinerary, including what's included and excluded.
Select your preferred departure date from the available options.
Proceed with the payment to reserve your spot. Keep in mind that the initial deposit is typically non-refundable.
Once your booking is confirmed, you'll receive a detailed itinerary, a gear list, and other essential information to help you prepare.
As of recent regulations in Nepal, independent trekking is no longer permitted in the Upper Mustang region. You must book your trek through a registered trekking agency and be accompanied by a licensed guide. Special restricted area permits are required for Upper Mustang.
Your trekking agency will obtain the necessary permits on your behalf. These include:
No technical climbing is required for Upper Mustang trekking. The trek involves moderate to challenging walking through desert-like terrain, with some steep ascents and descents, but no technical mountaineering skills are needed. A licensed guide is mandatory for the restricted area.
What to expect:
Standard trekking gear is sufficient for the Upper Mustang trek. The main considerations are protection from dust, wind, and sun in the desert environment, plus warm layers for the high-altitude sections.
Essential gear for Upper Mustang:
Prior trekking experience is recommended but not mandatory. The Upper Mustang trek is moderate in difficulty, with good fitness being more important than technical experience. The itinerary includes gradual acclimatization and manageable daily distances.
We recommend:
Upper Mustang has a unique advantage - it's accessible year-round due to its rain shadow location. However, certain seasons offer optimal conditions:
Upper Mustang is moderate in difficulty compared to other treks in Nepal. It's less challenging than high-altitude treks like Everest Base Camp or Annapurna Circuit, but offers unique challenges due to its desert environment and cultural restrictions.
Key characteristics:
Upper Mustang is a restricted area requiring special permits. All necessary permits are included in our package and will be arranged by our team before your departure.
Required permits include:
A comprehensive packing list will be provided upon confirmation of your trip. For Upper Mustang, essential items include dust protection gear, sun protection, layered clothing, and well-worn-in hiking boots.
Kathmandu's Thamel district is a one-stop shop for trekking gear. You can easily rent or purchase any equipment you need at reasonable prices.
It is not safe to drink tap or stream water directly in Upper Mustang. We strongly advise against buying single-use plastic water bottles, as they are expensive and create environmental problems in this fragile desert ecosystem.
The best practices for staying hydrated in Upper Mustang are:
Facilities are basic but generally better than in more remote areas of Nepal. In larger villages like Jomsom and Lo Manthang, you may find simple squat toilets; in smaller villages, expect very basic facilities.
As you venture into Upper Mustang, the facilities become more rustic. You can expect to encounter:
Yes, showing respect for the local Tibetan culture and ancient Buddhist traditions is an important part of the Upper Mustang trekking experience. Here are some key guidelines:
Upper Mustang Trek
4.9/5 from 34 reviews
Lo Manthang was the most magical place I've ever seen. The ancient walled city against the desert landscape was unforget...
Lo Manthang was the most magical place I've ever seen. The ancient walled city against the desert landscape was unforget...
Reaching Lo Manthang was challenging but rewarding. Standing in the ancient walled city felt surreal. The logistics were...
The trail through Upper Mustang's desert landscape felt like another planet. Our crew kept spirits high during the long ...